Animal Farm Makes Politics Seem Almost Interesting

AppId is over the quota
AppId is over the quota

Sorry to interrupt - we're sure you're probably in the middle of watching an old VHS (VH-what now?) tape of the 1988 Vice Presidential debate. Or perhaps you're simply catching up on all those saved DVR recordings of C-Span programming.

All right, so maybe it's more likely that you're ramming your head repeatedly into a cactus. It takes a special kind of person to be genuinely interested in all things politics - for the rest of us, it seems tedious and boring and lackluster and monotonous and repetitive and droning... you asleep yet?

But politics are indubitably important. In fact, it is arguably the most vital science for us to wrap our heads around, as it affects everything around us - our education, our health care, our laws, and our quality of fodder for stand-up comedians.

George Orwell understood that, to communicate his strong convictions about the world of politics to the common man, he would need to come down to his level. And rather than simply 'dumb down' his arguments, he chose to utilize the tool of humor to make people sit up and take notice.

Animal Farm, which is more warmly received today than when it was first published, was intended to depict a tyrannical dictatorship at its worst, thereby convincing its readers of the dangers inherent in a totalitarian government. However, he used farm animals in place of Stalin and the other targets of his satirical attack to lighten the mood, make the subject matter more accessible, and make his characters seem all the more dim-witted. Turns out that, when you examine their DNA and get down to the biology of it, there aren't too many differences between a herd of pigs and an autocratic regime.

If you've studied for or taken the PSAT, you may be familiar with analogies. Although structured differently when found in the form of a test question, an analogy is something that draws an often metaphorical connection from one thing to another. And that's really what Animal Farm is - just one big analogy. In addition to the humor aspect of Orwell's novel, this device also draws the reader in, as it is entertaining and engaging to spot and consider the parallels between the characters in the book and the real-life jackasses they represent.

As you may have noticed, we here at Shmoop have a similar philosophy. We know you've had to sit bravely through a number of classes taught by dry, humorless teachers who make time stand still and cause the potentially exciting material they're teaching to become lifeless and dull. And we know that you've also had teachers who jump up and down (or at least seem to), make you laugh (or at least try), and just generally try to get your motor running. If those are the ones where you've learned the most - and we suspect that they are - then Animal Farm should be right up your alley.

Paul Thomson is an avid reader of English Literature. His areas of expertise include Animal Farm, biology, and PSAT. In his spare time, he loves to participate in online literature forums and promote reading for youth.

Endurance As a Virtue in The Scarlett Letter - Antigone and To Kill a Mockingbird Quotes

AppId is over the quota
AppId is over the quota

Endurance is a virtue that we, as a Westernized society, place a great deal of worth in. To withstand intense pain, strife or just plain unpleasantness-or even muster up the strength to resist an endlessly tempting pint of Ben & Jerry's Chubby Hubby-is to be respected, appreciated and at times, worshipped. History is littered with examples of those elevated super-humans who demonstrated the capacity to grin and bear it while turning the other cheek. Think Jesus, Mohammad, Buddha or even the countless Christian saints revered for their storied sacrifice and strength.

It should be no surprise that our reverence for those who endure has found its way into our story telling. Tales of strength, daunting and physically excruciating tasks and the ability to overcome the odds are the stuff that define our heroes. More importantly, these sort of tales also define humanity as a whole. They represent not only our values and our morals as mere humans, but they also construct social norms and rules that shape our societies. Again, religious figures such as Jesus and Buddha come to mind, whose teachings have shaped our perceptions of how we as humans should act for thousands of years. Consider the Golden Rule-a virtue present in nearly every religion that urges people to treat others as they would like to be treated-as a sort of test of endurance. Especially when you're in line for the DMV. That bitter (and completely justifiable) attitude is only going to get you more bitterness.

A classic literary example of valued endurance, especially with religious connotations, is Nathanial Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter in which Hester Prynne, a young woman living in mid-17th century puritanical Massachusetts Bay Colony area, is publicly punished and shamed for having a child with someone who is clearly not her husband, since the dude has been MIA for a few years. As part of her punishment, she is forced to wear the letter "A" to forever mark her as an adulterer. Yet, despite her imprisonment, constant public shaming and general disenfranchisement, Hester endures. A woman of honor, she does not public reveal who her baby daddy is (it's the town minister, by the way) to protect him and his reputation. Her love for the minister gives meaning and purpose to her suffering, making her a patient and relatively tolerant literary figure with religious overtones.

Another notable female figure of endurance is Antigone, Sophocle's famous play about a young noble woman whose morals and do-right attitude prompts her to defy the king's irrational decree that banned the proper burial of her traitorous brother. Her courage and gall is what largely defines her ability to endure, refusing to back down or out her sister as an accomplice while standing before the king. Though she does kill herself off stage while in prison, Sophocles' implies that her action was not out of fear or desperation but it was yet another way to defy and thwart the tyrannical king. That level of commitment and bravery is akin to the virtues contained in our human capacity to endure, often going hand in hand.

The trope of female endurance is also not lost on Harper Lee, who created Scout, a tough tomboy character who learns that with femininity comes great strength and an undeniable ability to endure trying times. In one of the To Kill a Mockingbird quotes, Scout finds that her Aunt Alexandra's insistence on maintaining polite hospitality in light of the tragic death of Tom is in fact an attribute of endurance and strength rather than being a hypocritical or insensitive display. Scout says: "Aunt Alexandra looked across the room at me and smiled. She looked at a tray of cookies on the table and nodded at them. I carefully picked up the tray and watched myself walk to Mrs. Merriweather. With my best company anners, I asked her if she would have some. After all, if Aunty could be a lady at a time like this, so could I."

Our stories show us humans to carry on and endure in hard times. After all, it's what makes us human.

Paul Thomson is an avid reader of English Literature. His areas of expertise include Antigone, To Kill a Mockingbird quotes and Scarlet Letter. In his spare time, he loves to participate in online literature forums and promote reading for youth.